基于微卫星标记对长江中上游胭脂鱼增殖放流效果的评估

利用已经发表的11对胭脂鱼多态性微卫星标记, 对长江中上游胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)增殖放流效果进行评估。结果表明, 5个胭脂鱼养殖场内所有的149尾繁殖亲本和长江中上游采集的65尾胭脂鱼中共观测到140个等位基因, 其观测杂合度和期望杂合度的平均值(范围)分别为0.771(0.519~0.906)和0.759(0.469~0.894), 多态信息含量(范围)为0.726(0.392~0.882)。通过软件Cervus统计得到, 11个微卫星座位累计排除率为99.998 3%, 并且在长江中上游采集的65个样本中, 11个样本与养殖场内繁殖亲本确定存在亲子关系, 据此确定这11尾为增殖放流的胭脂鱼, 并由此推算增殖放流的胭脂鱼对长江中上游野生群体的贡献量为16.92%。研究结果表明, 增殖放流是实现胭脂鱼野生种群资源恢复的有效途径。

     

千岛湖细鳞鲴和黄尾鲴COI种群遗传结构比较的初步研究

利用线粒体COI基因序列,比较了千岛湖水库共栖的细鳞鲴(Xenocypris microlepis)和黄尾鲴(X.davidi)的遗传资源状况。结果显示,在532 bp的一致序列中,黄尾鲴碱基T、C、A、G平均含量分别为27.3%、18.0%、28.7%、26.0%;细鳞鲴分别为25.2%、19.6%、29.3%、25.9%。黄尾鲴种群的变异位点为5个,细鳞鲴种群变异位点为3个。多样性分析显示,黄尾鲴的遗传多样性高于细鳞鲴。在两个物种中各发现4个单倍型,黄尾鲴4个单倍型中,有3个是共享单倍型,而细鳞鲴中仅1个共享单倍型,黄尾鲴富文和临岐群体之间存在显著的分化(Fst=0.048 09),细鳞鲴汾口群体和富文(Fst=0.238 10)、临岐群体(Fst=0.260 72)之间存在显著的遗传分化。单倍型的NJ树将四个单倍型分为两个支,推测可能是由于二次迁入或者多样性丧失导致。     

Hematological Parameters and Blood Cell Morphology of Male and Female Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi (Sauvage)

The aim of this study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematology of Schizothorax (Racoma) davidi (Sauvage). The results showed that red blood cell and white blood cell counts as well as mean cellular hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in females than in males, while mean cell volumes were significantly lower in females than in males. No significant differences were seen in other hematological parameters in relation with gender. Under light microscope, erythrocytes (mature and immature), leukocytes (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes), and thrombocytes were distinguished. Mature erythrocytes were ellipsoidal cells with oval, central nucleus. Neutrophils contained banded or segmented nuclei. Small lymphocytes had a very thin rim of basophilic cytoplasm. Monocytes often possessed vacuoles in their cytoplasm. Thrombocytes existed in several forms with relatively large nucleus surrounded by a pink‐stained or hyaline cytoplasm. The percentage of the different leukocytes revealed predominance of neutrophils and small lymphocytes, followed by monocytes and large lymphocytes. The neutrophil percentages of each stage showed that metamyelocyte accounted for the most, followed by banded neutrophils. This investigation could be used for evaluation of the health status of cultured male and female S. davidi and will provide early detection of clinical pathology.     

中华倒刺鲃、黄颡鱼和华鲮消化酶活性的比较研究

对中华倒刺鱼巴(SpinibarbussinensisBleeker)、黄颡鱼(PelteobagrusfulvidracoRichardson)和华鲮(SinilabeorendahliKimura)各消化器官消化酶进行了测定分析。结果表明,3种鱼蛋白酶活性顺序为:黄颡鱼>中华倒刺鱼巴>华鲮,表明食性不同,摄食能力不同,蛋白酶活性也不同;3种鱼淀粉酶的活性顺序为:中华倒刺鱼巴>华鲮>黄颡鱼,其酶活性与鱼类的食性有关;消化酶在肠道分布,不同鱼表现不同特点。     

湖北省江汉平原山噪鹛的发现及分子生物学鉴定

为配合 WWF与国家林业局在长江中下游开展的冬季水鸟调查,2011年1月在湖北省江汉平原采集到2只鹛类,经形态学及基于线粒体Cytochrome b 基因的分子生物学研究,鉴定为山噪鹛指名亚种。这是首次在湖北省江汉平原发现山噪鹛。     

Apparent protein, lipid and energy digestibility coefficients of some commonly used feed ingredients in formulated pelleted diets for silver barb, Puntius gonionotus

To assess the apparent protein, lipid and energy digestibility coefficients of commonly used feed ingredients, viz. fish meal, groundnut oil cake, soybean meal, sunflower oil cake, sesame oil cake, mustard oil cake, rice bran, maize meal, black gram husk, green gram husk and wheat bran, a 50‐day trial was conducted for Puntius gonionotus fingerling (5.55 ± 0.32 g) in two successive phases using flow‐through circular fibre‐reinforced plastic tanks (60 L capacity). The photoperiod was 12 h light/12 h dark (12L : 12D). Ground water was used for rearing the fish. Chromic oxide (1%) was used as an external marker. The experimental fish were fed twice daily close to the levels of apparent satiation. The unconsumed feed and faeces were removed 1 h after each feeding. About 2 h after the removal of unconsumed feed and faeces, the freshly released faeces were collected twice daily by siphoning and were stored at ?18 °C for subsequent analysis. The apparent protein, lipid and energy digestibility coefficient values observed are in the range 81.88–95.60, 87.29–94.48 and 73.88–89.97%, respectively, for various test ingredients in P. gonionotus fingerlings, and the study suggests the usefulness of data for feed formulation.     

Growth performance and use of natural food by Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in polyculture systems with Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker) and Cyprinus carpio (L.) in intensively cultivated rice fields

In the freshwater area of Vietnam's Mekong Delta, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), Barbodes gonionotus (Bleeker) and Cyprinus carpio (L.) are often reared together in rice fields. In this study, we report the results of eight such polyculture experiments, examining variables affecting the specific growth rate and the average daily food energy consumption of individual O. niloticus. The standing biomass of O. niloticus and the wild fish biomass had a negative impact on the specific growth rate, whereas added pig manure, extra feed and inorganic fertilizer had a positive effect. The standing biomass of O. niloticus and C. carpio, and the wild fish biomass had a negative impact on the consumption of natural feed. We inferred that O. niloticus mainly lacks food in rice fields. This results in intraspecific competition. As in rice fields, C. carpio has basically the same feeding niche as O. niloticus; we found interspecific competition between the two species. O. niloticus consumed relatively more food in the vegetative phase of the rice crop, probably because of a higher abundance of phytoplankton. To get higher growth of O. niloticus, we recommend that farmers increase nutrient inputs and stock O. niloticus according to the size of the trench adjoining the rice field and not according to the size of trench plus field as is generally done.     

重口裂腹鱼消化道黏液细胞类型及分布研究

应用AB-PAS染色法及JD-801形态学图像分析系统,对重口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax davidi Sauvage)消化道黏液细胞进行了分型研究。结果显示:重口裂腹鱼消化道黏液细胞可分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型。其中,口咽腔和食道黏液细胞以Ⅱ型为主;前肠以Ⅰ型为主;中肠以Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型为主;后肠以Ⅱ型为主。结果表明,黏液细胞分布密度与各段消化道功能密切相关。     

花(鱼骨)人繁子代亲鱼的人工催产试验

试验设计3个温度16.0~17.0℃、18.5~20.5℃和22.0~24.0℃,采用3种催产剂组合催产,对花人繁子代亲鱼进行催产试验。试验表明:用HCG 1000 IU/kg LRH-A21.2μg/kg、DOM5.0 mg/kg LRH-A21.2μg/kg、PG 3.0 mg/kg LRH-A21.0μg/kg组合均能成功催产人繁子代花亲鱼。其中,在18.5~20.5℃和22.0~24.0℃催产中,DOM 5.0 mg/kg LRH-A21.2μg/kg具有较短的催产时间和较高的催产率、受精率。人繁子代亲鱼在池塘培育条件下完全可以进行人工催产,花可以像“四大家鱼”一样进行全人工繁殖。     

长薄鳅的精巢发育和精子发生

应用组织学和超微结构方法研究了长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongate Bleeker)精巢发育和精子发生。结果显示:长薄鳅精巢一对,其发育过程可划分为6个时期,Ⅰ期性腺肉眼无法分辨雌雄。组织学结构显示长薄鳅的精巢属于小叶型,根据发育过程中细胞的大小、核仁多少、细胞核和细胞质浓缩的程度将精子发生划分为6个时相。超微结构下精原细胞分为初级精原细胞和次级精原细胞,成熟精子分头部、中片和尾部3个部分,尾部有侧鳍,具"9+3"式微管结构。